---
title: Dynamic complexity for productVariantsBulkCreate and productVariantsBulkUpdate mutations - Shopify developer changelog
description: Shopify’s developer changelog documents all changes to Shopify’s platform. Find the latest news and learn about new platform opportunities.
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[Back to Developer changelog](https://shopify.dev/changelog)

October 1, 2025

Tags:

* Admin GraphQL API

# Dynamic complexity for `productVariantsBulkCreate` and `productVariantsBulkUpdate` mutations

The [`productVariantsBulkCreate`](https://shopify.dev/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/mutations/productVariantsBulkCreate) and [`productVariantsBulkUpdate`](https://shopify.dev/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/mutations/productvariantsbulkupdate) mutations now use dynamic complexity costing to more accurately reflect the actual computational cost of operations.

### Support for more complex products

The mutations now support products with up to 2,048 variants for merchants on all plans, a significant increase from the previous limit of 100 variants. This enables apps to manage more complex products, and support merchants with diverse business needs.

### What's changing

With the release of Dynamic Complexity, the [`productVariantsBulkCreate`](https://shopify.dev/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/mutations/productVariantsBulkCreate) and [`productVariantsBulkUpdate`](https://shopify.dev/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/mutations/productvariantsbulkupdate) mutations will now have a base cost of 10-points, and additional points will be calcuated based on the complexity of the input.

* **Base cost**: 10 points
* **Per variant**: 0.2 points
* **Per variant media**: 0.6 points
* **Per variant metafield**: 0.4 points
* **Per product media**: 1.9 points

The total complexity is calculated as:

```
10 +
  (variants × 0.2) +
  (variant_media × 0.6) +
  (variant_metafields × 0.4) +
  (product_media × 1.9)
```

### Migration guidance

For most apps, no changes are required.

For apps working with high-complexity products exceeding the 1000-point single query limit:

* Consider using [bulk mutations](https://shopify.dev/docs/api/usage/bulk-operations/imports) for very large operations.
* Split complex operations into separate calls: use the [`productVariantsBulkCreate`](https://shopify.dev/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/mutations/productVariantsBulkCreate) and [`productVariantsBulkUpdate`](https://shopify.dev/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/mutations/productvariantsbulkupdate) mutations for core variant data, then use [`metafieldsSet`](https://shopify.dev/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/mutations/metafieldsSet) and [`fileCreate`](https://shopify.dev/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/mutations/fileCreate) for additional data.