Customers might be charged additional duties when they receive international shipments. If a customer requests a refund on an international order, then you can refund duties that were previously applied to the order.

This guide shows you how to preview and refund duties with the GraphQL Admin API.

<aside class="note beta">
<h4>Developer preview</h4>
<p>The functionality to refund duties is in the <a href="/docs/api/release-notes/developer-previews#shopify-markets-developer-preview">Shopify Markets developer preview</a>. The values that are returned are generated and aren't consistent with actual duty rates set by each country.</p>
</aside>

## Requirements

- Your app can make [authenticated requests](/docs/api/admin-graphql#authentication) to the GraphQL Admin API.
- Your app has the `write_orders` [access scope](/docs/api/usage/access-scopes). Learn how to [configure your access scopes using Shopify CLI](/docs/apps/build/cli-for-apps/app-configuration).
- You have a [development store](/docs/api/development-stores) with the [Shopify Markets developer preview](/docs/api/release-notes/developer-previews#shopify-markets-developer-preview) enabled so that you can manage duties.
- You've met Shopify's [protected customer data requirements](/docs/apps/launch/protected-customer-data).


## Step 1: Create an order with a duty charge

To preview and refund duties, you first need to create an international order with duties applied. You can create an international order with duties applied by using a development store that has the Shopify Markets developer preview enabled.

1. Set a [Harmonized System Code](https://help.shopify.com/manual/markets/duties-and-import-taxes/charging-duties#hs-codes) on all products that you expect to have duties applied.

2. Make sure that your store has [shipping rates](https://help.shopify.com/manual/shipping/understanding-shipping/shipping-rates) set for all the countries that you plan to support.

3. Make sure that your development store is set up to [place test orders](https://help.shopify.com/partners/dashboard/managing-stores/test-orders-in-dev-stores).

4. Complete a checkout from your storefront.

    For the shipping information checkout step, you need to enter a different country than the location where your product is fulfilled. If duties apply to your order, then they're displayed on the shipping rates view and order summary.

    > Note:
    > Duties might not be applied if the price of the order doesn't exceed the destination country’s _[de minimis](https://help.shopify.com/manual/markets/duties-and-import-taxes#de-minimis)_ threshold.

5. On the order details page of your Shopify admin, verify that duties have been charged on the order.

    Duties are calculated for each line item, and can be viewed in the [`duties` field on the `LineItem`](/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/objects/lineitem#field-lineitem-duties) object in the GraphQL Admin API.

## Step 2: Retrieve duties on an order

When you query an order, you can retrieve the total duties that are applied using the [`currentTotalDutiesSet`](/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/objects/Order#field-order-currenttotaldutiesset) field. If you want to retrieve the duties applied to each line item, then you can include the [`duties` field on the `LineItem`](/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/objects/LineItem#field-lineitem-duties) field on the `lineItems` connection.

> Tip:
> You can retrieve an order's ID with the [`orders`](/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/queries/orders) query.

<p>
<div class="react-stacked-code-block ThemeMode-dim" data-preset="stacked">
<script data-option="title" data-value="POST https://{shop}.myshopify.com/admin/api/{api_version}/graphql.json"></script>


<p>
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</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="GraphQL query"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="graphql">
RAW_MD_CONTENT{
  # The ID of the order.
  order(id: "gid://shopify/Order/3") {
    # The total amount of duties after returns, in shop and presentment currencies. Returns `null` if duties aren't applicable.
    currentTotalDutiesSet {
      shopMoney {
        amount
      }
    }
    lineItems(first: 10) {
      edges {
        node {
          id
          refundableQuantity
          # The duties associated with the line item.
          duties {
            id
            harmonizedSystemCode
            price {
              shopMoney {
                amount
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
END_RAW_MD_CONTENT</script>

</div>
</p>

<p>
<div class="react-code-block" data-preset="basic">
<div class="react-code-block-preload ThemeMode-dim">
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</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="JSON response"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="json">
RAW_MD_CONTENT{
  "data": {
    "order": {
      "currentTotalDutiesSet": {
        "shopMoney": {
          "amount": "668.19"
        }
      },
      "lineItems": {
        "edges": [
          {
            "node": {
              "id": "gid://shopify/LineItem/2",
              "refundableQuantity": 5,
              "duties": [
                {
                  "id": "gid://shopify/Duty/1",
                  "harmonizedSystemCode": "520100",
                  "price": {
                    "shopMoney": {
                      "amount": "668.19"
                    }
                  }
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
END_RAW_MD_CONTENT</script>

</div>
</p>


</div>
</p>


## Step 3: Preview a refund that includes duties

Before [refunding duties](#step-4-create-a-refund-that-includes-duties), you can preview the refund using the [`suggestedRefund`](/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/objects/suggestedrefund) query. You can then use the [`refundCreate`](/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/mutations/refundCreate) mutation when you’re ready to create the refund.

The supported refund types are [`PROPORTIONAL`](#preview-a-proportional-duty-refund) and [`FULL`](#preview-a-full-duty-refund).

### Preview a proportional duty refund

The `PROPORTIONAL` refund type refunds duties in proportion to the line item quantity that you want to refund.

In the `suggestedRefund` query, include the duty ID, the refund type, and the ID and quantity of the line items that you want to preview the refund for. You must pass the refund line items to calculate the portion of duties to refund.

<p>
<div class="react-stacked-code-block ThemeMode-dim" data-preset="stacked">
<script data-option="title" data-value="POST https://{shop}.myshopify.com/admin/api/{api_version}/graphql.json"></script>


<p>
<div class="react-code-block" data-preset="basic">
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</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="GraphQL query"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="graphql">
RAW_MD_CONTENTquery suggestedRefund {
  order(id: "gid://shopify/Order/3") {
    suggestedRefund(refundLineItems: [{lineItemId:"gid://shopify/LineItem/2", quantity: 1}],
    # The `suggestedRefund` query uses the input type `RefundDutyInput`, which requires a `dutyId` and a `refundType` that specifies how you want the duty refunded.
    refundDuties: [{ dutyId: "gid://shopify/Duty/1", refundType: PROPORTIONAL}]) {
      refundDuties {
        amountSet {
          shopMoney {
            amount
            currencyCode
          }
        }
        originalDuty {
          id
        }
      }
      totalDutiesSet {
        shopMoney {
          amount
          currencyCode
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
END_RAW_MD_CONTENT</script>

</div>
</p>

<p>
<div class="react-code-block" data-preset="basic">
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="JSON response"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="json">
RAW_MD_CONTENT{
  "data": {
    "order": {
      "suggestedRefund": {
        "refundDuties": [
          {
            "amountSet": {
              "shopMoney": {
                "amount": "133.65",
                "currencyCode": "CAD"
              }
            },
            "originalDuty": {
              "id": "gid://shopify/Duty/1"
            }
          }
        ],
        "totalDutiesSet": {
          "shopMoney": {
            "amount": "133.65",
            "currencyCode": "CAD"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
END_RAW_MD_CONTENT</script>

</div>
</p>


</div>
</p>


### Preview a full duty refund

The `FULL` refund type refunds all the duties associated with a duty ID. In the `suggestedRefund` query, you don't need to include an order's line items when you preview a `FULL` refund type.

<p>
<div class="react-stacked-code-block ThemeMode-dim" data-preset="stacked">
<script data-option="title" data-value="POST https://{shop}.myshopify.com/admin/api/{api_version}/graphql.json"></script>


<p>
<div class="react-code-block" data-preset="basic">
<div class="react-code-block-preload ThemeMode-dim">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-bar basic-codeblock"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-placeholder-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
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</div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="GraphQL query"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="graphql">
RAW_MD_CONTENTquery suggestedRefund {
  order(id: "gid://shopify/Order/3") {
    suggestedRefund(
      # The `suggestedRefund` query uses the input type `RefundDutyInput`, which requires a `dutyId` and a `refundType` that specifies how you want the duty refunded.
      refundDuties: [{ dutyId: "gid://shopify/Duty/1", refundType: FULL }]
    ) {
      refundDuties {
        amountSet {
          shopMoney {
            amount
            currencyCode
          }
        }
      }
      totalDutiesSet {
        shopMoney {
          amount
          currencyCode
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
END_RAW_MD_CONTENT</script>

</div>
</p>

<p>
<div class="react-code-block" data-preset="basic">
<div class="react-code-block-preload ThemeMode-dim">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-bar basic-codeblock"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-placeholder-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="JSON response"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="json">
RAW_MD_CONTENT{
  "data": {
    "order": {
      "suggestedRefund": {
        "refundDuties": [
          {
            "amountSet": {
              "shopMoney": {
                "amount": "668.19",
                "currencyCode": "CAD"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "totalDutiesSet": {
          "shopMoney": {
            "amount": "668.19",
            "currencyCode": "CAD"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
END_RAW_MD_CONTENT</script>

</div>
</p>


</div>
</p>


## Step 4: Create a refund that includes duties

When you’re ready to create a refund, you can use the `refundCreate` mutation. Include the order ID, the ID and quantity of the line items that you want to refund, the duty ID, and the refund type as input to the mutation.

<p>
<div class="react-stacked-code-block ThemeMode-dim" data-preset="stacked">
<script data-option="title" data-value="POST https://{shop}.myshopify.com/admin/api/{api_version}/graphql.json"></script>


<p>
<div class="react-code-block" data-preset="basic">
<div class="react-code-block-preload ThemeMode-dim">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-bar basic-codeblock"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-placeholder-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="GraphQL mutation"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="graphql">
RAW_MD_CONTENTmutation refundIncludingDuties {
  refundCreate(input:{orderId:"gid://shopify/Order/3", refundLineItems: [{lineItemId:"gid://shopify/LineItem/2", quantity: 1}],  refundDuties: [{dutyId: "gid://shopify/Duty/1", refundType: PROPORTIONAL}] }) {
    refund {
      duties {
        originalDuty {
          id
        }
        amountSet {
          shopMoney {
            amount
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
END_RAW_MD_CONTENT</script>

</div>
</p>

<p>
<div class="react-code-block" data-preset="basic">
<div class="react-code-block-preload ThemeMode-dim">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-bar basic-codeblock"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-placeholder-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="JSON response"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="json">
RAW_MD_CONTENT{
  "data": {
    "refundCreate": {
      "refund": {
        "duties": [
          {
            "originalDuty": {
              "id": "gid://shopify/Duty/1"
            },
            "amountSet": {
              "shopMoney": {
                "amount": "133.65"
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "userErrors": []
  }
}
END_RAW_MD_CONTENT</script>

</div>
</p>


</div>
</p>


## Next steps

- Learn how to [manage reverse fulfillment orders](/docs/apps/build/orders-fulfillment/returns-apps/manage-reverse-fulfillment-orders) with the GraphQL Admin API.
- Learn how to [manage reverse deliveries](/docs/apps/build/orders-fulfillment/returns-apps/manage-reverse-deliveries) with the GraphQL Admin API.