This page outlines the definition, type, and utility of each ShopifyQL column including numeric values, aggregates, and dimensional attributes.


## Notes about this dataset

- This dataset is available for Plus merchants only.
- The grain of this dataset is one row for each `payment_attempt_group`.
- A payment attempt group is defined as a sequence of payment attempts that meet all of the following criteria:
  - Attempts were part of the same checkout
  - Attempts used the same card, if card data is available
  - Attempts were for the same amount of money, in the same currency
  - Attempts used the same payment method
  - Each attempt in the group was made no more than 30 minutes after the previous attempt
  - The attempts were all failures, or ended in a success. If two sequential successes occur with all the same attributes, then they're treated as separate groups.
- Attempts are grouped to account for retried payments, allowing users to determine whether a customer eventually succeeded in making the purchase that they intended to make. This approach is based on the assumption that if a payment attempt group ends in a success, then the preceding failed attempts didn't result in a loss of revenue.

## Numeric values

Numeric values are the base numbers in the dataset. They’re typically aggregated using ShopifyQL functions like `sum`.


| Name                          | Type      | Definition                                                                 |
| -                             | -         | -                                                                          |
| `successful_attempts`         | number    | The number of payment attempts in this group that were successful          |
| `failed_attempts`             | number    | The number of payment attempts in this group that were not successful      |
| `customer_currency_amount`    | price     | The amount of the attempted payment, in the currency used by the customer  |
| `shop_currency_amount`        | price     | The amount of the attempted payment, in the store's default currency       |

## Dimensional attributes


| Name                          | Type      | Definition                                                                          |
| -                             | -         | -                                                                                   |
| `payment_attempt_group`       | string    | A unique identifier for the group of payment attempts described by each row         |
| `order_id`                    | number    | A unique idenfitier for the related order, if one exists                            |
| `card_bin_country`            | string    | The country associated with the card bin                                            |
| `card_bin`                    | string    | The first several digits of the card number used                                    |
| `card_brand`                  | string    | The brand of the card that was used                                                 |
| `card_wallet`                 | string    | The card wallet that was used, if any                                               |
| `payment_method`              | string    | The payment method that was used                                                    |
| `funding_source`              | string    | The source of funding behind the card used, such as `debit` or `credit`             |
| `customer_currency`           | string    | The currency used by the customer                                                   |
| `shop_currency`               | string    | The default store currency                                                          |
| `first_attempted`             | timestamp | The time at which the earliest payment attempt in the group occurred                |
| `last_attempted`              | timestamp | The time at which the latest payment attempt in the group occurred                  |
| `in_person_payment`           | Boolean   | Whether the payment was made in person, for example, using a point of sale terminal |

## Aggregates

Aggregates are predefined calculations of numeric values, to replicate metrics that are available throughout Shopify. Aggregates can be grouped or filtered by any of the dimensional attributes.


| Name                   | Type    | Definition                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| -                      | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| authorization_rate     | percent | The rate of successful payment authorization, adjusted for retries. Defined as `sum(successful_attempts) / count()`. To learn more about how retries are accounted for, refer to the [dataset notes](/docs/api/shopifyql/datasets/payment-attempts-dataset#notes-about-this-dataset). |
| raw_authorization_rate | percent | The rate of successful payment authorization, not adjusted for retries. Defined as `sum(successful_attempts) / sum(successful_attempts + failed_attempts)`.                                                                                                                                                                                |

## Sample queries

### Show payment authorization rate by month

```python
FROM payment_attempts
SHOW auth_rate, raw_auth_rate
GROUP BY month
SINCE -3m
ORDER BY month
```

### Show payment authorization rate by payment_method

```python
FROM payment_attempts
SHOW auth_rate, sum(successful_attempts + failed_attempts) AS total_attempts
GROUP BY payment_method
SINCE -3m
ORDER BY total_attempts DESC
```