[Metafield definitions](/docs/apps/build/custom-data/metafields/definitions) enable you to include data validation for metafields, and enable users to add metafield values for resources in the Shopify admin. This guide shows you how to manage metafield definitions using the GraphQL Admin API.

## Requirements

- Your app can make [authenticated requests](/docs/api/admin-graphql#authentication) to the GraphQL Admin API.
- You're using the GraphQL Admin API version 2021-10 or higher.
- Your app has access to the [owner type](/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/enums/metafieldownertype) that you want to associate with the metafield definition. You can only create metafield definitions for owner types that you have access to.

## Step 1: Create a metafield definition

You can create a metafield definition using the [`metafieldDefinitionCreate`](/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/mutations/metafieldDefinitionCreate) mutation. You can create only one metafield definition at a time.

The following example creates a metafield definition called `Ingredients` for the `PRODUCT` owner type, which stores multi-line text, such as a list of ingredients used to make the product.

<p>
<div class="react-stacked-code-block ThemeMode-dim" data-preset="stacked">
<script data-option="title" data-value="POST https://{shop}.myshopify.com/admin/api/{api_version}/graphql.json"></script>


<p>
<div class="react-code-block" data-preset="basic">
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</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="GraphQL mutation"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="graphql">
mutation CreateMetafieldDefinition($definition: MetafieldDefinitionInput!) {
  metafieldDefinitionCreate(definition: $definition) {
    createdDefinition {
      id
      name
      namespace
      key
      # add other return fields
    }
    userErrors {
      field
      message
      code
    }
  }
}
</script>

</div>
</p>

<p>
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</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="Variables"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="json">
{
  "definition": {
    "name": "Ingredients",
    "namespace": "bakery",
    "key": "ingredients",
    "description": "A list of ingredients used to make the product.",
    "type": "multi_line_text_field",
    "ownerType": "PRODUCT"
  }
}
</script>

</div>
</p>

<p>
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</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="JSON response"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="json">
{
  "metafieldDefinitionCreate": {
    "createdDefinition": {
      "id": "gid://shopify/MetafieldDefinition/1071456108",
      "name": "Ingredients",
      "namespace": "bakery",
      "key": "ingredients"
    },
    "userErrors": []
  }
}
</script>

</div>
</p>


</div>
</p>


## Step 2: Retrieve a metafield definition

You can use the [`metafieldDefinition`](/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/queries/metafieldDefinition) query to retrieve a metafield definition.

The following example retrieves a metafield definition by using its ID:

<p>
<div class="react-stacked-code-block ThemeMode-dim" data-preset="stacked">
<script data-option="title" data-value="POST https://{shop}.myshopify.com/admin/api/{api_version}/graphql.json"></script>


<p>
<div class="react-code-block" data-preset="basic">
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</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="GraphQL query"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="graphql">
{
  metafieldDefinition(id: $id) {
    name
    namespace
    key
    description
    ownerType
    type {
      name
    }
  }
}
</script>

</div>
</p>

<p>
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</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="Variables"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="json">
{
  "id": "gid://shopify/MetafieldDefinition/18776120"
}
</script>

</div>
</p>

<p>
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</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="JSON response"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="json">
{
  "data": {
    "metafieldDefinition": {
      "name": "Expiry Date",
      "namespace": "food",
      "key": "expiry_date",
      "description": "The expiry date.",
      "ownerType": "PRODUCT",
      "type": {
        "name": "date"
      }
    }
  }
}
</script>

</div>
</p>


</div>
</p>


## Step 3: Update a metafield definition

You can use the [`metafieldDefinitionUpdate`](/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/mutations/metafieldDefinitionUpdate) mutation to update a metafield definition. You can update only the name and description of a metafield definition.

The following example changes a metafield definition's name from `Pizza size` to `Pizza size (inches)`:

<p>
<div class="react-stacked-code-block ThemeMode-dim" data-preset="stacked">
<script data-option="title" data-value="POST https://{shop}.myshopify.com/admin/api/{api_version}/graphql.json"></script>


<p>
<div class="react-code-block" data-preset="basic">
<div class="react-code-block-preload ThemeMode-dim">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-bar basic-codeblock"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-placeholder-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
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</div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
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</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="GraphQL mutation"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="graphql">
mutation UpdateMetafieldDefinition($definition: MetafieldDefinitionUpdateInput!) {
  metafieldDefinitionUpdate(definition: $definition) {
    updatedDefinition {
      id
      name
      namespace
      key
      # add other return fields
    }
    userErrors {
      field
      message
      code
    }
  }
}
</script>

</div>
</p>

<p>
<div class="react-code-block" data-preset="basic">
<div class="react-code-block-preload ThemeMode-dim">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-bar basic-codeblock"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-placeholder-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
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<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="Variables"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="json">
{
  "definition": {
    "name": "Pizza size (inches)",
    "namespace": "bakery",
    "key": "pizzasize",
    "ownerType": "PRODUCT"
  }
}
</script>

</div>
</p>

<p>
<div class="react-code-block" data-preset="basic">
<div class="react-code-block-preload ThemeMode-dim">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-bar basic-codeblock"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-placeholder-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="JSON response"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="json">
{
  "metafieldDefinitionUpdate": {
    "updatedDefinition": {
      "id": "gid://shopify/MetafieldDefinition/1071456109",
      "name": "Pizza size (inches)",
      "namespace": "bakery",
      "key": "pizza_size"
    },
    "userErrors": []
  }
}
</script>

</div>
</p>


</div>
</p>


## Step 4 (Optional): Delete a metafield definition

To delete a metafield definition, use the [`metafieldDefinitionDelete`](/docs/api/admin-graphql/latest/mutations/metafieldDefinitionDelete) mutation. You can also set an option that, when selected, deletes all metafields that use that definition.

The following example deletes the metafield definition for `bakery.ingredients`, and also deletes all metafields that use the definition.

<p>
<div class="react-stacked-code-block ThemeMode-dim" data-preset="stacked">
<script data-option="title" data-value="POST https://{shop}.myshopify.com/admin/api/{api_version}/graphql.json"></script>


<p>
<div class="react-code-block" data-preset="basic">
<div class="react-code-block-preload ThemeMode-dim">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-bar basic-codeblock"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-placeholder-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="GraphQL mutation"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="graphql">
mutation DeleteMetafieldDefinition {
  metafieldDefinitionDelete(id: $id, deleteAllAssociatedMetafields: $deleteAllAssociatedMetafields) {
    deletedDefinitionId
    userErrors {
      field
      message
      code
    }
  }
}
</script>

</div>
</p>

<p>
<div class="react-code-block" data-preset="basic">
<div class="react-code-block-preload ThemeMode-dim">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-bar basic-codeblock"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-placeholder-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="Variables"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="json">
{
  "id": "gid://shopify/MetafieldDefinition/18710584",
  "deleteAllAssociatedMetafields": true
}
</script>

</div>
</p>

<p>
<div class="react-code-block" data-preset="basic">
<div class="react-code-block-preload ThemeMode-dim">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-bar basic-codeblock"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-placeholder-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-code-container">
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline-number"></div>
<div class="react-code-block-preload-codeline"></div>
</div>

</div>
</div>

<script data-option="title" data-value="JSON response"></script>

<script type="text/plain" data-language="json">
{
  "metafieldDefinitionDelete": {
    "deletedDefinitionId": "gid://shopify/MetafieldDefinition/18710584",
    "userErrors": []
  }
}
</script>

</div>
</p>


</div>
</p>


## Next steps

- Learn how to [manage validation options](/docs/apps/build/custom-data/metafields/list-of-validation-options) using the GraphQL Admin API.
- Learn how to [create automated collections](/docs/apps/build/custom-data/metafields/use-metafield-capabilities#smart-collection) with metafield definition conditions.